The Qing empire
Knowledge exchange
Multilingualism
Non-Chinese groups
Imperial expansion
Legacies of the Silk Roads
The end of Qing glory
Acknowledgements
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中文（中国）
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Qing - China's Multilingual Empire
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The Qing empire
Knowledge exchange
Multilingualism
Non-Chinese groups
Imperial expansion
Legacies of the Silk Roads
The end of Qing glory
Acknowledgements
Certificate to the parents of Dešun, a successful Qing army officer, 1835
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Certificate to the parents of Dešun, a successful Qing army officer, 1835
