The Many Faces of the Rylands’ Jewish Manuscripts

Many Iranian Jews, like Yemenite Jews, were multilingual. This liturgical manuscript contains the Hafṭarot, the weekly readings from the biblical books of the Prophets. The readings are in three languages with alternating verses: the original Hebrew text is followed by the vocalised Aramaic, and then by an unvocalised Judeo-Persian translation. The Hebrew and Aramaic texts are sometimes vocalised, that is, the vowels are added to the consonants showing how to read them correctly. Because Judeo-Persian was the everyday language of the reader, it did not need vocalisation marks.  

Hafṭarot